Intellectual Capital Disclosure Research Articles

Intellectual capital information via Twitter: the effect on firm value

PurposeSocial media are emerging as the ideal channel for building one-to-many communication and disseminating intellectual capital (IC) information. Their rise is bringing out new research challenges to investigate the implications of their use. However, there needs to be more research contributions relating to the financial benefits of using social media for IC disclosure (ICD). This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing, under the lens of signaling theory, the effect of ICD through Twitter on firm value.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on a content analysis of tweets disseminated by 262 companies aimed at examining the amount of IC information disclosed and on a regression analysis aimed at analyzing the impact of this type of information on firm value.FindingsEmpirical results show that a large ICD via Twitter favors an increase in firm value. They also demonstrate that disclosing information relating to the three IC dimensions positively affects the firm value. These findings suggest that actively and comprehensively communicating IC information via Twitter can help improve the perception and evaluation of the company by investors and other stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThis study offers empirical evidence about the financial benefits associated with using social media as disclosure tools by companies. It also enriches the literature on the relationship between ICD and firm value and consolidates the goodness of the signaling theory as an ideal theoretical perspective to frame the relationship between IC information and firm value.Practical implicationsThis study offers important managerial implications for firms and investors. In light of the significant financial benefits, firms should use social media to disclose IC information and should seek to increase their visibility on such platforms to convey the information to a greater number of users. Investors should also heed social media when gathering IC information, combining the analysis of these platforms with that of traditional corporate documents.Originality/valueThis study enriches the limited literature on ICD via social media and extends knowledge about the relationship between IC information and firm value. In this regard, the originality also lies in the individual analysis of the impact of the three IC dimensions on firm value.

Board of Directors Structuring and Intellectual Capital Disclosure of Public Limited Liability Insurance Companies in Nigeria

Board of Directors Structuring and Intellectual Capital Disclosure of Public Limited Liability Insurance Companies in Nigeria

Pengaruh Pengungkapan Modal Intelektual, Asimetri Informasi, dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Manajemen Laba Riil

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intellectual capital disclosure using Intellectus Model, information asymmetry, and profitability through the ratio of ROA (Return on Assets) on real earnings management in primary consumer goods companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2015-2019 period. This research is a quantitative study which using secondary data that were obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the form of annual financial report. The sample selection used is purposive sampling method in order to obtain 25 companies. The criteria used in this study were as follows: sample selection criteria and for companies that have been registered since 2014, not classified as primary consumer goods or agricultural food product industry, and have complete financial report data from 2015-2019. The analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) through the Statistical Package for the Science 25 (SPSS 25) program with data tabulated using Microsoft Excel. The results of this study indicate that: intellectual capital disclosure using Intellectus Model has no effect on real earnings management, information asymmetry has a positive effect on real earnings management, while profitability through the ratio of ROA have no effect on real earnings management.

Voluntary Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Information Asymmetry: Study of Indian Firms

This article develops a disclosure index to examine the extent and quality of intellectual capital disclosure in Indian firms. Furthermore, it assesses the gap between stakeholder expectations and industry disclosure procedures by conducting five years database analysis. To analyze the extent and quality of intellectual capital disclosure, a content analysis technique was applied to a sample of 30 non-financial firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange for five years, 2018–2022. A disclosure index of 42 items was constructed based on previous studies under three intellectual capital categories: Structural Capital, Relational Capital, and Human Capital. It was found that Indian companies had a low level of intellectual capital disclosure, although it increased by 28% from 2018 to 2022. Also, there was an upward movement in the disclosure of all intellectual capital components. Structural capital is disclosed by the number of organizations, whereas human capital is being disclosed the lowest. This study developed a new disclosure index consisting of 42 intellectual capital items based on extant research conferred by experts. In addition, the study considered a Sensex non-financial company for the analysis. Third, this study uses graphs to represent disclosure quality.

Financial performance, intellectual capital disclosure and firm value: the winning edge

Financial performance, intellectual capital disclosure and firm value: the winning edge

Effects of Intellectual Capital Disclosure, Return on Assets, on Firm Value, and Independent Board of Commissioner in Banking Sector: Agency Theory Perspective

Objective: The purpose of this research is to test and analyze the influence of disclosure of intellectual capital, Return on Assets on firm value and the independent board of commissioners in moderating the influence of disclosure of intellectual capital, Return on Assets on firm value in Indonesia Banking Sector.   Method: The data used in this research is secondary data from conventional banking listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2018-2022. In the relationship analysis among the variables, SPSS is the main program to use, and Moderating Regression Analysis was used to analyze this research.   Results: We found that Intellectual Capital Disclosure has an influence on firm value, while Return on Assets has a positive influence on firm value. Furthermore, the independent board of commissioners can moderate the relationship between Return on Assets and firm value, while the independent board of commissioners can moderate the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure and firm value also.   Conclusion: In a knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital is a regarded as an important source advantage. The disclosure of intellectual capital information made by a company is useful information for investors in deciding to invest in addition to other factors such as return on assets. So, these two factors can increase the company's value. Apart from that, the existence of an independent board of commissioners in carrying out its function as supervisor of the company's operational activities has been able to encourage management to disclose information that is useful for investors in deciding to invest.

Pengaruh Pengungkapan Green Intellectual Capital dan Corporate Social Responsibility Mikro terhadap Kinerja Keuangan

This research examines the effect of Green Intellectual Capital disclosure and Micro Corporate Social Responsibility on financial performance (empirical study on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period). The population of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sample of this research is 14 manufacturing companies. The source of data in this research is secondary data. Data collection techniques from company annual and sustainability reports. Data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that disclosure of Green Human Capital, Green Structural Capital, Micro Corporate Social Responsibility has no effect on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, meanwhile disclosure of Green Relational Capital has a positive effect on the financial performance of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Factors Affecting Intellectual Capital Disclosure in Indonesia Banking Companies with Board Turnover as Moderating Variable

This study aims to investigate the relationships between the variables of Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, External Auditor Quality, Company Size, and Gender Diversity concerning Intellectual Capital Disclosure, with Board Turnover as a moderating variable. Data sourced from the annual reports of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange spanning from 2018 to 2022 are employed, encompassing 35 out of a total of 47 banking companies. The methodological approach employed is panel data regression analysis, and SmartPLS serves as the analytical tool to assess the hypothesis model. Research findings indicate a positive impact of External Auditor Quality, Company Size, and Gender Diversity on Intellectual Capital Disclosure. Moreover, the empirical evidence suggests no significant influence of the variables Proportion of Independent Commissioners and Managerial Ownership on Intellectual Capital Disclosure. Additionally, Board Turnover, as a moderating variable, is found to be incapable of strengthening the relationships between the Proportion of Independent Commissioners, Managerial Ownership, External Auditor Quality, Company Size, and Gender Diversity in relation to Intellectual Capital Disclosure.

Managerial Motivations on Voluntary Intellectual Capital Disclosure in Hong Kong

Managerial Motivations on Voluntary Intellectual Capital Disclosure in Hong Kong

Assessing the market value effects of intellectual capital disclosure: insights from New Zealand

Assessing the market value effects of intellectual capital disclosure: insights from New Zealand

Intellectual Capital Disclosure dan Kinerja Keuangan: Systematic Literature Review

This research aims to find out the direction of development of Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Financial Performance research for 7 years (2015-2022) by mapping or classifying according to themes and according to keywords. By using a literature review system as the basis for research analysis, this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach to collect data. The articles reviewed were taken from Sinta indexed or accredited Sinta-2 journal sources. The research results show: (1) Mapping according to theme shows that the Sinta 2 Accredited Scientific Journal with the name "Accounting or Accounting" totals 10 journals; (2) Mapping according to keywords shows that the number of articles with the keywords Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Financial Performance is 16 articles. The researchers emphasized many limitations of this article. The author determined this limitation by only looking at articles published in the accredited journal Sinta 2 and focusing on the study of Intellectual Capital Disclosure and Financial Performance in Indonesia. Articles from other countries were not included in the review. As a result, there may be articles on certain subjects that are not covered in this review. Although the limitations of this article are the results of the review that the author described, it cannot be concluded that it can generally be applied in Indonesia due to the limited scope of much research

New Connections Between Integrated Reporting and Intellectual Capital: Future Research Implications in the Context of Sustainability-Related Information

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify new links between Integrated Reporting (IR) and Intellectual Capital (IC) fields, useful for sustainability and climate change disclosures with ISSB standards.   Theoretical Framework: The literature that has integrated IC and IR fields has been developed, mainly from the IC research perspective, addressing a wide range of thematic specializations that emerge when analyzing the research areas.   Design/Methodology/Approach: We developed a Structured Literature Review (SLR) of articles indexed in Scopus, which allowed us to build a specific analytical framework from emerging categories; we rely on AtlasTi and VOSviewer software.   Findings: We found that the literature converges towards the following research areas: Reviews and reflections on the IR framework as a means for IC disclosure; Proposals to improve the IR framework and IR disclosures through IR; The IR framework and definition, measurement, and management of IC within organizations; disclosures of CI in contexts of practical adoption of RI; Disclosure of IC through IR, its determinants, and effects.   Research, Practical & Social Implications: We identified the need to advance research under a performative approach, research on stakeholder satisfaction by revealing IC through IR and the relationship of IC with information related to sustainability in the new ISSB context. The paper identifies previously unexamined connections between IC and IR and proposes future avenues of research.   Originality/Value: This study raises the need for increased policy research to define a common language for presenting comparable IC information in ISSB sustainability reports. In addition, studies are needed to help identify IC information, other IR capital and metrics, which could represent material information for investors to assess sustainability-related risks and opportunities.

DETERMINAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE: PADA PERUSAHAAN INDEKS ESG LEADERS

The purpose of this research was to test and analyze the effect of managerial ownership and institutional ownership on intellectual capital performance and intellectual capital disclosure for 2020-2021. This research used a quantitative approach. The population of this research are companies that included in the ESG Leaders index. The sample of this research as much 35 companies. The analysis technique used a content analysis and Warp Pls software. The result of this research prove that managerial ownership and institutional ownership contributed to intellectual capital performance, institutional ownership also contributed to intellectual capital disclosure, but managerial ownership and intellectual capital performance can’t contributed to intellectual capital disclosure.

BOARD SIZE, BOARD COMPOSITION, LEVERAGE AND ITS EFFECT ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE

Disclosure of non-financial information by companies is very important information, such as voluntary disclosures. The most common type of information used by investors is not actually disclosed by managers in annual reports. This causes a social gap between investors and management. It can be concluded from the research that voluntary disclosure is very important to improve the quality of annual reports and satisfy the interests of stakeholders. A management system that can work professionally, honestly and transparently can increase demand from the market and will encourage companies to provide more transparent information. The information disclosed in the financial statements is actually not able to represent the overall condition of the company in order to produce values and make decisions by investors. Therefore, in order to increase value and assist investors in making decisions, companies can disclose information voluntarily. With this obligation, it can encourage companies to disclose more information, because honesty and transparency are the basis of corporate governance, this is what is referred to as disclosure of intellectual capital (intellectual capital disclosure) The main purpose of this research is to find empirical proof about the effect of board size, board composition, and leverage on intellectual capital disclosure. The data used in this research were obtained from manufacturing companies that listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX). 288 data were gathered from 144 companies in the year of 2020-2021. Purposive sampling method is used to collect the data and panel data regression model is used for hypothesis testing. Software EViews 9 is used for preparing and processing data.  This research reached a conclusion that the number of board composition is positive and have not give a significant effect on intellectual capital disclosure. Variables of board size and leverage have a negative and dont have a significant effect on intellectual capital disclosure.

Social media visibility and intellectual capital disclosure. An empirical analysis in the basketball clubs

PurposeThe sport industry, due to the great importance of intangible assets, represents a field of particular interest for the analysis of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD). However, this sector is still underexplored in the academic literature. This study aims to fill this gap by analysing the level of intellectual capital (IC) information disclosed by the most important basketball clubs on their website and the factors capable of influencing the dissemination of such information. Specifically, it examines the impact of social media visibility – in terms of number of social networks, number of posts, number of followers and internet visibility – on the ICD level.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, this study performs a manual content analysis of the websites of the top 80 European and US basketball clubs aimed at analysing the ICD level. Secondly, it provides for a regression analysis to test the impact of social media visibility on the amount of IC information disclosed.FindingsEmpirical results show a low level of ICD among the basketball clubs examined. They also demonstrate the positive impact of number of posts, number of followers and internet visibility on the amount of IC information disclosed online.Originality/valueThis study extends the analysis of the ICD to the sport industry, still little examined by the academic literature. In this regards, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the ICD in the basketball industry.

Six decades of corporate disclosure research: a bibliometric review

PurposeCorporate disclosures are essential because they provide transparent and accurate information about a company's financial health, performance, risks and governance practices. They enable investors to make informed decisions, promote market efficiency and maintain trust in the financial system. This paper uses bibliometrics to identify the intellectual composition of the literature on corporate disclosure.Design/methodology/approachBased on the bibliometric information of 4,551 articles on corporate disclosure research, the authors conducted citation, keyword co-occurrence, bibliographic coupling and publication analyses to elucidate the leading articles, authors, sources, institutions, countries, themes and topics in the field of corporate disclosure from the 1960s to 2021.FindingsThe findings of this review demonstrate that corporate disclosure research is based on four broad themes – the role of disclosure in capital markets, non-financial disclosure, determinants of corporate disclosure and firm risk and intellectual capital disclosure. This review suggests that management should pay attention to the financial and non-financial corporate information that investors, regulators and the government emphasise.Originality/valueThis paper is the first comprehensive bibliometric review on corporate disclosure. It summarises the regulatory shifts, technological changes and industry trends that have influenced corporate disclosure research. Besides identifying broad research themes, the authors performed bibliographic coupling for research on disclosure sources, including annual reports, management forecasts, earnings calls, press releases, the Internet and social media, to reveal the thematic clusters related to these sources.

Determinants of Property and Real Estate Firm Value in Indonesia

The firm value is the perception of investors associated with stock prices. Shareholders have an interest in enhancing the company's value to maximize their wealth. This research aims to investigate the influence of dividend policy, profitability, intellectual capital disclosure, free cash flow, and tax avoidance on firm value in property and real estate firms. The population in this study consists of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2021. This study employs a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 49 samples. The research method utilizes panel data regression analysis using EViews 12 software as the analytical tool. The findings of this research indicate that profitability, intellectual capital disclosure, and free cash flow have a positive influence on firm value, while dividend policy and tax avoidance do not affect firm value.

MARKET PERFORMANCE: THE EFFECT OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL DISCLOSURE

Intellectual Capital is a concept which gives new knowledge-based resources and optimally describes the intangible assets utilized. It enables a company to run its strategies effectively and efficiently without revealing its intangible assets such as knowledge, relationships and image in the financial report. These attributes create differences and describe the company’s future opportunities. The research therefore illustrated how Intellectual Capital (IC) and Intellectual Capital Disclosure (ICD) influenced the Market Performance (MP) by using the purposive sampling method. The data used is secondary which was obtained from 102 service companies listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and analyzed using the multiple linear regression. The result of this research showed that both IC and ICD influenced the MP. This research indicated that the signal presented by the company through ICD minimized asymmetrical information. This proved that maximum management of the IC gave some added values capable of increasing competitive advantages.

Intellectual capital disclosures (ICD) of Islamic banks under IFRS versus AAOIFI regimes: an international evidence

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the trend of intellectual capital disclosures (ICD) of Islamic banks under the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) regimes over a seven-year period (2012–2018). Design/methodology/approach A self-developed checklist was developed to measure the extent of ICD practices of Islamic banks in both regimes. Findings The results revealed a moderate increase in ICD practices over the period of the study. However, there is no significant difference in ICD between the two financial reporting regimes i.e. IFRS and AAOIFI-based banks. In fact, most of the IFRS-based banks have better ICD than AAOIFI-based banks throughout the analysis period. This study contributed to the ICD literature by introducing Shariah capital as a new category of information to disclose besides the common disclosure on human capital, relational and structural related information by the Islamic banks. Practical implications It is important for Islamic banks to distinguish themselves from conventional banks and ICD can be a conduit to show their uniqueness. The introduction of Shariah capital in this study reflects the main objective of Islamic bank’s existence, and it should become an important element in ICD. In fact, some form of guidelines or policy by regulating agencies could facilitate the ICD by Islamic banks and reflect the truth about their ability to capitalize on Intellectual capital and disclose about these practices to their stakeholders. Originality/value The introduction of Shariah capital as a new component to the existing components (i.e. human capital, structural capital and relational capital) of intellectual capital brings a new perspective to the research on ICD of Islamic banks. This paper further contributes to the scarce evidence of ICD of Islamic banks globally.

Intellectual Capital Disclosure and the Effecting Factor on Official Website of Higher Education in Indonesia

This study aims to describe the level of intellectual capital disclosure and examine the effect of age, size, and internationality on the intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) of higher education in Indonesia. This study also sees the difference in intellectual capital disclosure between public and private higher education. This study uses 88 official websites of higher education in Indonesia. The ICD component used in this study is a framework comprising 60-item—testing tools for multiple linear regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. The results obtained are: (1) size has a significant effect on intellectual capital disclosure; (2) age and internationality haven’t a significant effect on intellectual capital disclosure; and (3) intellectual capital disclosure of public higher education and private higher education has a different pattern. Public higher education is more likely to disclose information about human, structural, and relational capital in a narrative format. Meanwhile, private higher education is more likely to disclose structural and relational capital information in a narrative format but does not reveal information about human capital. This study contributes to the reference related to the pattern of intellectual capital disclosure among higher education (public and private higher education) and its affecting factors.